Purge pump control systems and methods

ABSTRACT

A fuel vapor control system for a vehicle includes a fuel vapor canister that traps fuel vapor from a fuel tank of the vehicle. A purge valve opens to allow fuel vapor flow to an intake system of an engine and closes to prevent fuel vapor flow to the intake system of the engine. An electrical pump pumps fuel vapor from the fuel vapor canister to the purge valve. A vent valve allows fresh air flow to the vapor canister when the vent valve is open and prevents fresh air flow to the vapor canister when the vent valve is closed. A purge control module controls a speed of the electrical pump, opening of the purge valve, and opening of the vent valve.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/261,596, filed on Dec. 1, 2015. The disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/251,709 filed on Aug. 30, 2016, Ser. No. 15/251,806 filed on Aug. 30, 2016 and Ser. No. 15/251,844 filed on Aug. 30, 2016. The disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to internal combustion engines and more specifically to fuel vapor control systems and methods.

BACKGROUND

The background description provided here is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure.

Internal combustion engines combust a mixture of air and fuel to generate torque. The fuel may be a combination of liquid fuel and vapor fuel. A fuel system supplies liquid fuel and vapor fuel to the engine. A fuel injector provides the engine with liquid fuel drawn from a fuel tank. A vapor purge system provides the engine with fuel vapor drawn from a vapor canister.

Liquid fuel is stored within the fuel tank. In some circumstances, the liquid fuel may vaporize and form fuel vapor. The vapor canister traps and stores the fuel vapor. The purge system includes a purge valve. Operation of the engine causes a vacuum (low pressure relative to atmospheric pressure) to form within an intake manifold of the engine. The vacuum within the intake manifold and selective actuation of the purge valve allows the fuel vapor to be drawn into the intake manifold and purge the fuel vapor from the vapor canister.

SUMMARY

In a feature, a fuel vapor control system for a vehicle is described. A fuel vapor canister traps fuel vapor from a fuel tank of the vehicle. A purge valve opens to allow fuel vapor flow to an intake system of an engine and closes to prevent fuel vapor flow to the intake system of the engine. An electrical pump pumps fuel vapor from the fuel vapor canister to the purge valve. A vent valve allows fresh air flow to the vapor canister when the vent valve is open and prevents fresh air flow to the vapor canister when the vent valve is closed. A purge control module controls a speed of the electrical pump, opening of the purge valve, and opening of the vent valve.

In further features, the purge control module controls the speed of the electrical pump based on a fixed, predetermined speed.

In further features, the purge control module: determines a target opening of the purge valve based on a target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve; controls the opening of the purge valve based on the target opening; determines a target speed of the electrical pump based on the target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve; and controls the speed of the electrical pump based on the target speed.

In further features, the purge control module determines the target opening of the purge valve based on the target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve and the target speed of the electrical pump.

In further features, the purge control module opens the vent valve when at least one of: (i) the target opening of the purge valve is greater than zero and (ii) the target speed of the purge valve is greater than zero.

In further features, the purge control module determines the target opening of the purge valve and the target speed of the electrical pump using one mapping that relates target flow rates of fuel vapor through the purge valve to both target openings of the purge valve and target speeds of the electrical pump.

In further features, a pressure sensor measures a pressure within a conduit at a location between the electrical pump and the purge valve. The purge control module includes: a closed-loop (CL) module that determines a CL adjustment value based on a difference between (i) a first target pressure at the location between the electrical pump and the purge valve and (ii) the pressure measured using the pressure sensor at the location between the electrical pump and the purge valve; a summer module that determines a second target based on a sum of the CL adjustment value and target feed forward (FF) value; a purge valve control module that controls the opening of the purge valve based on the second target; and a motor control module that controls the speed of the electrical pump based on the second target.

In further features, the purge control module further includes: a target purge pressure module that, based on a target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve, determines the first target pressure at the location between the electrical pump and the purge valve; and a feed-forward (FF) module that determines the target FF value based on the target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve.

In further features, the purge control module further includes a target determination module that, based on the second target, determines a target opening of the purge valve and a target speed of the electrical pump. The purge valve control module controls the opening of the purge valve based on the target opening. The motor control module controls the speed of the electrical pump based on the target speed.

In further features, the purge control module further includes a target determination module that determines a target opening of the purge valve and a target speed of the electrical pump using one mapping that relates values of the second target to both target openings of the purge valve and target speeds of the electrical pump. The purge valve control module controls the opening of the purge valve based on the target opening, and the motor control module controls the speed of the electrical pump based on the target speed.

In a feature, a fuel vapor control method for a vehicle includes: by a vapor canister, trapping fuel vapor from a fuel tank of the vehicle; selectively opening a purge valve to allow fuel vapor flow to an intake system of an engine; selectively closing the purge valve to prevent fuel vapor flow to the intake system of the engine; pumping fuel vapor from the vapor canister to the purge valve using an electrical pump; selectively opening a vent valve to allow fresh air flow to the vapor canister; selectively closing the vent valve to prevent fresh air flow to the vapor canister; and controlling a speed of the electrical pump, opening of the purge valve, and opening of the vent valve.

In further features, controlling the speed of the electrical pump includes controlling the speed of the electrical pump based on a fixed, predetermined speed.

In further features, the fuel vapor control method further includes: determining a target opening of the purge valve based on a target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve; controlling the opening of the purge valve based on the target opening; determining a target speed of the electrical pump based on the target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve; and controlling the speed of the electrical pump based on the target speed.

In further features, the fuel vapor control method further includes determining the target opening of the purge valve further based on the target speed of the electrical pump.

In further features, selectively opening the vent valve includes opening the vent valve when at least one of: (i) the target opening of the purge valve is greater than zero and (ii) the target speed of the purge valve is greater than zero.

In further features, the fuel vapor control method further includes determining the target opening of the purge valve and the target speed of the electrical pump using one mapping that relates target flow rates of fuel vapor through the purge valve to both target openings of the purge valve and target speeds of the electrical pump.

In further features, the fuel vapor control method further includes: measuring, using a pressure sensor, a pressure within a conduit at a location between the electrical pump and the purge valve; determining a closed-loop (CL) adjustment value based on a difference between (i) a first target pressure at the location between the electrical pump and the purge valve and (ii) the pressure measured using the pressure sensor at the location between the electrical pump and the purge valve; determining a second target based on a sum of the CL adjustment value and target feed forward (FF) value; controlling the opening of the purge valve based on the second target; and controlling the speed of the electrical pump based on the second target.

In further features, the fuel vapor control method further includes: determining, based on a target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve, the first target pressure at the location between the electrical pump and the purge valve; and determining the target FF value based on the target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve.

In further features, the fuel vapor control method further includes: determining, based on the second target, a target opening of the purge valve and a target speed of the electrical pump; controlling the opening of the purge valve based on the target opening; and controlling the speed of the electrical pump based on the target speed.

In further features, the fuel vapor control method further includes: determining a target opening of the purge valve and a target speed of the electrical pump using one mapping that relates values of the second target to both target openings of the purge valve and target speeds of the electrical pump; controlling the opening of the purge valve based on the target opening; and controlling the speed of the electrical pump based on the target speed.

Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description, the claims and the drawings. The detailed description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an example engine system;

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of an example fuel control system;

FIG. 3 if a functional block diagram of an example implementation of a purge control module;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart depicting an example method of determining a pressure offset and diagnosing a fault associated with a purge pressure sensor;

FIG. 5 includes a flowchart depicting an example method of controlling the purge valve and the purge pump; and

FIG. 6 includes a functional block diagram of an example implementation of a purge control module.

In the drawings, reference numbers may be reused to identify similar and/or identical elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

An engine combusts a mixture of air and fuel to produce torque. Fuel injectors may inject liquid fuel drawn from a fuel tank. Some conditions, such as heat, radiation, and fuel type may cause fuel to vaporize within the fuel tank. A vapor canister traps fuel vapor, and the fuel vapor may be provided from the vapor canister through a purge valve to the engine. In naturally aspirated engines, vacuum within an intake manifold may be used to draw fuel vapor from the vapor canister when the purge valve is open.

According to the present application, an electrical pump pumps fuel vapor from the vapor canister to the purge valve and, when the purge valve is open, to the intake system. The electrical pump may pump fuel vapor, for example, to an intake system of the engine at a location upstream of a boost device of the engine. The electrical pump may be a fixed speed pump or a variable speed pump. A pressure sensor measures pressure at a location between the purge valve and the electrical pump.

Measurements of the pressure sensor may drift over time. As such, a control module determines a pressure offset for the pressure sensor based on a difference between a measurement provided by the pressure sensor and an expected value of the measurement. For example, the control module may determine the pressure offset based on a difference between a measurement of the pressure sensor and barometric pressure when pressure at the pressure sensor is expected to be approximately barometric pressure.

The control module adjusts the measurements of the pressure sensor based on the pressure offset. The control module also diagnoses a fault associated with the pressure sensor when the pressure offset deviates too far from zero. The control module controls opening of the purge valve and/or speed of the electrical pump based on the adjusted pressure measurements of the pressure sensor.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a functional block diagram of an example engine system 10 is presented. The engine system 10 includes an engine 12, an intake system 14, a fuel injection system 16, a (spark) ignition system 18, and an exhaust system 20. While the engine system 10 is shown and will be described in terms of a gasoline engine, the present application is applicable to hybrid engine systems and other suitable types of engine systems having a fuel vapor purge system.

The intake system 14 may include an air filter 19, a boost device 21, a throttle valve 22, a charge cooler 23, and an intake manifold 24. The air filter 19 filters air flowing into the engine 12. The boost device 21 may be, for example, a turbocharger or a supercharger. While the example of one boost device is provided, more than 1 boost device may be included. The charge cooler 23 cools the gas output by the boost device 21.

The throttle valve 22 controls air flow into the intake manifold 24. Air flows from the intake manifold 24 into one or more cylinders within the engine 12, such as cylinder 25. While only the cylinder 25 is shown, the engine 12 may include more than one cylinder. The fuel injection system 16 includes a plurality of fuel injectors and controls (liquid) fuel injection for the engine 12. As discussed further below (e.g., see FIG. 2), fuel vapor 27 is also provided to the engine 12 under some circumstances. For example, the fuel vapor 27 may be introduced at a location between the air filter 19 and the boost device 21.

Exhaust resulting from combustion of the air/fuel mixture is expelled from the engine 12 to the exhaust system 20. The exhaust system 20 includes an exhaust manifold 26 and a catalyst 28. For example only, the catalyst 28 may include a three way catalyst (TWC) and/or another suitable type of catalyst. The catalyst 28 receives the exhaust output by the engine 12 and reacts with various components of the exhaust.

The engine system 10 also includes an engine control module (ECM) 30 that regulates operation of the engine system 10. The ECM 30 controls engine actuators, such as the boost device 21, the throttle valve 22, the intake system 14, the fuel injection system 16, and the ignition system 18. The ECM 30 also communicates with various sensors. For example only, the ECM 30 may communicate with a mass air flow (MAF) sensor 32, a manifold air pressure (MAP) sensor 34, a crankshaft position sensor 36, and other sensors.

The MAF sensor 32 measures a mass flowrate of air flowing through the throttle valve 22 and generates a MAF signal based on the mass flowrate. The MAP sensor 34 measures a pressure within the intake manifold 24 and generates a MAP signal based on the pressure. In some implementations, vacuum within the intake manifold 24 may be measured relative to ambient (barometric) pressure.

The crankshaft position sensor 36 monitors rotation of a crankshaft (not shown) of the engine 12 and generates a crankshaft position signal based on the rotation of the crankshaft. The crankshaft position signal may be used to determine an engine speed (e.g., in revolutions per minute). A barometric pressure sensor 37 measures barometric air pressure and generates a barometric air pressure signal based on the barometric air pressure. While the barometric pressure sensor 37 is illustrated as being separate from the intake system 14, the barometric pressure sensor 37 may be measured within the intake system 14, such as between the air filter 19 and the boost device 21 or upstream of the air filter 19.

The ECM 30 also communicates with exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) sensors associated with the exhaust system 20. For example only, the ECM 30 communicates with an upstream EGO sensor (US EGO sensor) 38 and a downstream EGO sensor (DS EGO sensor) 40. The US EGO sensor 38 is located upstream of the catalyst 28, and the DS EGO sensor 40 is located downstream of the catalyst 28. The US EGO sensor 38 may be located, for example, at a confluence point of exhaust runners (not shown) of the exhaust manifold 26 or at another suitable location.

The US and DS EGO sensors 38 and 40 measure amounts of oxygen in the exhaust at their respective locations and generate EGO signals based on the amounts of oxygen. For example only, the US EGO sensor 38 generates an upstream EGO (US EGO) signal based on the amount of oxygen upstream of the catalyst 28. The DS EGO sensor 40 generates a downstream EGO (DS EGO) signal based on the amount of oxygen downstream of the catalyst 28. The US and DS EGO sensors 38 and 40 may each include a switching EGO sensor, a universal EGO (UEGO) sensor (also referred to as a wide band or wide range EGO sensor), or another suitable type of EGO sensor. The ECM 30 may control the fuel injection system 16 based on measurements from the US and DS EGO sensors 38 and 40.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a functional block diagram of an example fuel control system is presented. A fuel system 100 supplies liquid fuel and the fuel vapor to the engine 12. The fuel system 100 includes a fuel tank 102 that contains liquid fuel. One or more fuel pumps (not shown) draw liquid fuel from the fuel tank 102 and provide the fuel to the fuel injection system 16.

Some conditions, such as heat, vibration, and radiation, may cause liquid fuel within the fuel tank 102 to vaporize. A vapor canister 104 traps and stores vaporized fuel (i.e., the fuel vapor 27). The vapor canister 104 may include one or more substances that trap and store fuel vapor, such as one or more types of charcoal.

A purge valve 106 may be opened to allow fuel vapor flow from the vapor canister 104 to the intake system 14. More specifically, a purge pump 108 pumps fuel vapor from the vapor canister 104 to the purge valve 106. The purge valve 106 may be opened to allow the pressurized fuel vapor from the purge pump 108 to flow to the intake system 14. A purge control module 110 controls the purge valve 106 and the purge pump 108 to control the flow of fuel vapor to the engine 12. While the purge control module 110 and the ECM 30 are shown and discussed as being independent modules, the ECM 30 may include the purge control module 110.

The purge control module 110 also controls a vent valve 112. The purge control module 110 may open the vent valve 112 to a vent position when the purge pump 108 is on to draw fresh air toward the vapor canister 104. Fresh air is drawn into the vapor canister 104 through the vent valve 112 as fuel vapor flows from the vapor canister 104. The purge control module 110 controls fuel vapor flow to the intake system 14 by controlling the purge pump 108 and opening and closing of the purge valve 106 while the vent valve 112 is in the vent position. The purge pump 108 allows fuel vapor to flow without the need for vacuum within the intake system 14.

A driver of the vehicle may add liquid fuel to the fuel tank 102 via a fuel inlet 113. A fuel cap 114 seals the fuel inlet 113. The fuel cap 114 and the fuel inlet 113 may be accessed via a fueling compartment 116. A fuel door 118 may be implemented to shield and close the fueling compartment 116.

A fuel level sensor 120 measures an amount of liquid fuel within the fuel tank 102. The fuel level sensor 120 generates a fuel level signal based on the amount of liquid fuel within the fuel tank 102. For example only, the amount of liquid fuel in the fuel tank 102 may be expressed as a volume, a percentage of a maximum volume of the fuel tank 102, or another suitable measure of the amount of fuel in the fuel tank 102.

The fresh air provided to the vapor canister 104 through the vent valve 112 may be drawn from the fueling compartment 116 in various implementations, although the vent valve 112 may draw fresh air from another suitable location. A filter 130 may be implemented to filter various particulate from the ambient air flowing to the vent valve 112. A tank pressure sensor 142 measures a tank pressure within the fuel tank 102. The tank pressure sensor 142 generates a tank pressure signal based on the tank pressure within the fuel tank 102.

A purge pressure sensor 146 measures a purge pressure at a location between the purge pump 108 and the purge valve 106. The purge pressure sensor 146 generates a purge pressure signal based on the purge pressure at the location between the purge pump 108 and the purge valve 106.

The purge pump 108 is an electrical pump and includes an electrical motor that drives the purge pump 108. The purge pump 108 is not a mechanical pump that is driven by a rotating component of the vehicle, such as the crankshaft of the engine. The purge pump 108 may be a fixed speed pump or a variable speed pump.

One or more pump sensors 150 measure operating parameters of the purge pump 108 and generate signals accordingly. For example, the pump sensors 150 include a pump speed sensor that measures a rotational speed of the purge pump 108 and generates a pump speed signal based on the speed of the purge pump 108. The pump sensors 150 may also include a pump current sensor, a pump voltage sensor, and/or a pump power sensor. The pump current sensor, the pump voltage sensor, and the pump power sensor measure current to the purge pump 108, voltage applied to the purge pump 108, and power consumption of the purge pump 108, respectively.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a functional block diagram of an example implementation of the purge control module 110 is presented. A sampling module 204 samples the purge pressure signal 208 from the purge pressure sensor 146 at a predetermined sampling rate and outputs purge pressure samples 212. The sampling module 204 may also digitize, buffer, filter, and/or perform one or more functions on the samples. In various implementations, the purge pressure sensor 146 may perform the functions of the sampling module 204 and provide the purge pressure 212.

A filtering module 216 filters the purge pressure 212 using one or more filters to produce a filtered purge pressure 220. For example only, the filtering module 216 may apply a low pass filter or a first-order lag filter to the purge pressure samples to produce the filtered purge pressure 220.

The measurements of the purge pressure sensor 146 may drift over time. In other words, the purge pressure signal 208 may be different than expected given actual pressure. An adjusting module 224 therefore adjusts the filtered purge pressure 220 based on a pressure offset 228 to produce adjusted purge pressure 232. For example only, the adjusting module 224 may sum or multiply the pressure offset 228 with the filtered purge pressure 220 to produce the adjusted purge pressure 232. As discussed further below, the adjusted purge pressure 232 may be used, for example, to control opening of the purge valve 106 and/or to control the purge pump 108. While the example sequence of sampling, filtering, and adjusting based on the pressure offset 228 have been provided, another sequence may be used.

When triggered, an offset module 236 determines the pressure offset 228. A triggering module 240 triggers the offset module 236 when the purge pressure at the location of the purge pressure sensor 146 should be at an expected pressure, such as barometric pressure.

For example, the triggering module 240 may trigger the offset module 236 when a driver actuates an ignition key, button, or switch to start the vehicle, before engine cranking begins, and the engine 12 was off (shut down) for at least a predetermined period before the driver actuation of the ignition system. Additionally or alternatively, the triggering module 240 may trigger the offset module 236 when the purge pump 108 has been off for greater than the predetermined period and/or the speed of the purge pump 108 is zero or approximately zero. An ignition signal 244 may indicate driver actuation of the ignition key, button, or switch. An engine off period 248 may correspond to a period that the engine 12 was off between a time when the driver actuated the ignition key, button, or switch, and a last time when the driver shut down the engine 12. The predetermined period may be set based on a period for the pressure at the purge pressure sensor 146 to reach the expected (e.g., barometric) pressure.

An engine speed 252 corresponds to a rotation speed of the engine 12 (e.g., the crankshaft) and may be determined, for example, based on crankshaft position measured using the crankshaft position sensor 36. The engine speed 252 being zero or less than a predetermined speed may indicate that engine cranking has not yet begun. A vent valve control module 254 may actuate the vent valve 112 to the vent position when the engine 12 is off to allow the pressure at the purge pressure sensor 146 to approach barometric pressure.

When triggered, the offset module 236 may set the pressure offset 228, for example, based on or equal to a difference between the purge pressure 212 and barometric pressure 256. The pressure offset 228 therefore corresponds to how far the purge pressure 212 may be from an actual pressure at the purge pressure sensor 146 at that time. The barometric pressure 256 may be measured, for example, using the barometric pressure sensor 37. In various implementations, a predetermined pressure may be used in place of the barometric pressure 256. In various implementations, pressure measured by the tank pressure sensor 142 may be used in place of the barometric pressure 256.

A diagnostic module 260 selectively diagnoses the presence of a fault associated with the purge pressure sensor 146 based on the pressure offset 228. The diagnostic module 260 may diagnose the fault, for example, when a magnitude of the pressure offset 228 is greater than a predetermined pressure that is greater than zero. The diagnostic module 260 may indicate that the fault is not present, for example, when the magnitude of the pressure offset 228 is less than the predetermined pressure. In various implementations, the diagnostic module 260 may diagnose the fault when the pressure offset 228 is greater than a predetermined positive pressure or less than (i.e., more negative than) a predetermined negative pressure.

The predetermined pressure(s) may be a fixed value or may be variable. In the example of the predetermined pressure(s) being variable, the diagnostic module 260 may determine the predetermined pressure(s), for example, based on current to the purge pump 108, voltage applied to the purge pump 108, or power consumption of the purge pump 108. The diagnostic module 260 may determine the predetermined pressure(s), for example, using a function or mapping that relates current, voltage, and/or power consumption of the purge pump 108 to predetermined pressures. The densities of fuel vapor and air may be different. As such, the predetermined pressure(s) may be set based on expected composition of air or fuel vapor at the purge pressure sensor 146.

The diagnostic module 260 may take one or more remedial actions when the fault is present. For example, the diagnostic module 260 may store a predetermined diagnostic trouble code (DTC) in memory 264 when the fault associated with the purge pressure sensor 146 is diagnosed. The predetermined DTC may correspond to the fault associated with the purge pressure sensor 146. A monitoring module 268 may monitor the memory 264 and illuminate a malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) 272 within a passenger cabin of the vehicle when one or more DTCs are stored in the memory 264. The MIL 272 may visually indicate to drivers to seek vehicle service. The predetermined DTC may indicate, to a vehicle service technician, of the presence of a fault associated with the purge pressure sensor 146. The diagnostic module 260 may additionally or alternatively take one or more other remedial actions when the fault is present, such as disabling closed loop control based on the adjusted purge pressure 232, which is discussed further below, or disabling fuel vapor purging.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart depicting an example method of determining the pressure offset 228 and diagnosing the fault associated with the purge pressure sensor 146. Control may begin with 404 where the triggering module 240 may determine whether the driver actuated the ignition key, button, or switch to start the engine 12. If 404 is true, control continues with 408. If 404 is false, control may end.

At 408, the triggering module 240 may determine whether the engine speed 252 is less than the predetermined speed and the engine off period 248 is greater than the predetermined period. Additionally or alternatively, the triggering module 240 may determine whether the purge pump 108 has been off for greater than the predetermined period and/or the speed of the purge pump 108 is zero or approximately zero. If 408 is false, the offset module 236 may set the pressure offset 228 equal to the value of the pressure offset 228 used before the engine 12 was shut down at 412, and control may end. If 408 is true, control may continue with 416.

The offset module 236 sets the pressure offset 228 based on or equal to a difference between the purge pressure 212 and the expected pressure at 416. The expected pressure may be, for example, the barometric pressure 256, a predetermined pressure, or the tank pressure. The adjusting module 224 adjusts the filtered purge pressure 220 based on the pressure offset 228 to determine the adjusted purge pressure 232, as discussed above. For example, the adjusting module 224 may set the adjusted purge pressure 232 equal to or based on a sum or a product of the pressure offset 228 with the filtered purge pressure 220.

At 420, the diagnostic module 260 determines whether the pressure offset 228 is indicative of the fault associated with the purge pressure sensor 146. For example, the diagnostic module 260 may determine whether the magnitude of the pressure offset 228 is greater than the predetermined pressure, whether the pressure offset 228 is greater than the predetermined positive pressure, and/or whether the pressure offset 228 is less than the predetermined negative pressure. If 420 is true, the diagnostic module 260 may indicate that the fault associated with the purge pressure sensor 146 is present and initiate one or more remedial actions at 424. If 420 is false, the diagnostic module 260 may indicate that the fault is not present at 428. The example of FIG. 4 may be illustrative of one control loop, and control loops may be started at a predetermined rate.

Referring back to FIG. 3, a target flow module 280 determines a target purge flow rate 284 to the engine 12. The target purge flow rate 284 may correspond, for example, to a target mass flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve 106. The target flow module 280 may determine the target purge flow rate 284, for example, based on a mass air flowrate (MAF) 288 and one or more fueling parameters 292. The target flow module 280 may determine the target purge flow rate 284, for example, using one or more functions or mappings that relate MAFs and fueling parameter(s) to target purge flow rate. The fueling parameters 292 may include, for example, a mass of (liquid) fuel injected per combustion event, a mass of air trapped within a cylinder per combustion event, a target air/fuel mixture, and/or one or more other fueling parameters. The fueling parameter(s) 292 may be provided, for example, by a fuel control module of the ECM 30 that controls the fuel injection system 16.

A feed forward (FF) module 296 determines a FF value 300 based on the target purge flow rate 284. In one example, the FF value 300 is a target purge flow rate through the purge valve 106. The FF module 296 may determine the FF value 300, for example, using a function or a mapping that relates target purge flow rates to FF values.

A target purge pressure module 304 determines a target purge pressure 308 based on the target purge flow rate 284. The target purge pressure 308 also corresponds to a target pressure at the purge pressure sensor 146. The target purge pressure module 304 may determine the target purge pressure 308, for example, using a function or a mapping that relates target purge flow rates to target purge pressures. The target purge pressure 308, however, will be used for closed loop control.

A closed loop (CL) module 312 determines a CL adjustment value 316 based on a difference between the target purge pressure 308 and the adjusted purge pressure 232 for a given control loop. The CL module 312 determines the CL adjustment value 316 using a CL controller, such as a proportional integral (PI) CL controller, a proportional, integral, derivative (PID) CL controller, or another suitable type of CL controller.

A summer module 320 determines a final target value 324 based on the CL adjustment value 316 and the FF value 300. For example, the summer module 320 may set the final target value 324 based on or equal to a sum of the CL adjustment value 316 and the FF value 300. In the example of the FF value 300 being a flow rate through the purge valve 106, the final target value 324 is also a target flow rate through the purge valve 106.

A target determination module 328 determines targets for opening of the purge valve 106 and for controlling the purge pump 108 based on the final target value 324. The target determination module 328 determines the targets collectively based on the final target value 324 since both the output of the purge pump 108 and opening of the purge valve 106 both affect the pressure at the purge pressure sensor 146.

For example, the target determination module 328 may determine a target effective opening 332 of the purge valve 106 and a target speed 336 of the purge pump 108 based on the final target value 324. The target determination module 328 may determine the target effective opening 332 and the target speed 336 using one or more functions or mappings that relate final target values to target effective openings and target speeds. As stated above, in some implementations, the purge pump 108 may be a fixed speed pump. In such implementations, the target determination module 328 may set the target speed 336 to the predetermined fixed speed and determine the target effective opening 332 based on the final target value 324 given the use of the predetermined fixed speed.

A motor control module 340 controls application of electrical power to the electric motor of the purge pump 108 based on the target speed 336. For example, the motor control module 340 may control switching of a motor driver (not shown), such as an inverter, based on the target speed 336. Power may be provided to the purge pump 108, for example, from a battery 344 or another energy storage device of the vehicle.

The target effective opening 332 may correspond to a value between 0 percent (for maintaining the purge valve 106 closed) and 100 percent (for maintaining the purge valve 106 open). A purge valve control module 348 controls application of electrical power, such as from the battery 344, to the purge valve 106 based on the target effective opening 332.

For example, the purge valve control module 348 may determine a target duty cycle to be applied to the purge valve 106 based on the target effective opening 332. The purge valve control module 348 may determine the target duty cycle, for example, using a function or mapping that relates target effective openings to target duty cycles. In the example where the target effective opening 332 corresponds to a percentage between 0 and 100 percent, the purge valve control module 348 may use the target effective opening 332 as the target duty cycle. The purge valve control module 348 applies power to the purge valve 106 at the target duty cycle.

The vent valve control module 254 may open the vent valve 112, for example, when the purge valve 106 is open and the purge pump 108 is turned on. For example, the vent valve control module 254 may open the vent valve 112 when the target effective opening 332 is greater than zero and/or the target speed 336 is greater than zero. Opening the vent valve 112 allows fresh air to flow into the vapor canister 104 while the purge pump 108 pumps purge vapor from the vapor canister 104 through the purge valve 106 to the intake system 14.

FIG. 5 includes a flowchart depicting an example method of controlling the purge valve 106 and the purge pump 108. Control begins with 504 where the adjusting module 224 determines the adjusted purge pressure 232, as discussed above. At 508, the target flow module 280 determines the target purge flow rate 284 based on the MAF 288 and the fueling parameter(s) 292. At 512, the target purge pressure module 304 and the FF module 296 determine the target purge pressure 308 and the FF value 300, respectively, based on the target purge flow rate 284.

At 516, the CL module 312 determines the CL adjustment value 316 based on a difference between the target purge pressure 308 and the adjusted purge pressure 232. The summer module 320 determines the final target value 324 based on the CL adjustment value 316 and the FF value 300 at 520. For example, the summer module 320 may set the final target value 324 based on or equal to the CL adjustment value 316 and the FF value 300.

At 524, the target determination module 328 may determine the target effective opening 332 for the purge valve 106 and the target speed 336 for the purge pump 108 based on the final target value 324. The purge valve control module 348 controls opening of the purge valve 106 based on the target effective opening 332, and the motor control module 340 controls the speed of the purge pump 108 based on the target speed 336. The example of FIG. 5 may be illustrative of one control loop, and control loops may be started at the predetermined rate.

FIG. 6 includes a functional block diagram of an example implementation of the purge control module 110. The example of FIG. 6 provides a system without CL control. The target flow module 280 determines the target purge flow rate 284, as discussed above.

In the example of FIG. 6, the target determination module 328 determines targets for opening of the purge valve 106 and for controlling the purge pump 108 based on the target purge flow rate 284. The target determination module 328 may determine the targets for opening the purge valve 106 and for controlling the purge pump 108 further based on the adjusted purge pressure 232. The target determination module 328 determines the targets collectively since both the output of the purge pump 108 and opening of the purge valve 106 both affect the pressure at the purge pressure sensor 146.

For example, the target determination module 328 may determine the target effective opening 332 of the purge valve 106 and the target speed 336 of the purge pump 108 based on the target purge flow rate 284 and, optionally, the adjusted purge pressure 232. The target determination module 328 may determine the target effective opening 332 and the target speed 336 using one or more functions or mappings that relate target purge flow rates and, optionally adjusted purge pressures, to target effective openings and target speeds. As stated above, in some implementations, the purge pump 108 may be a fixed speed pump. In such implementations, the target determination module 328 may set the target speed 336 to the predetermined fixed speed and determine the target effective opening 332 based on the target purge flow rate 284 and optionally the adjusted purge pressure 232 given the use of the predetermined fixed speed.

The foregoing description is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. The broad teachings of the disclosure can be implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while this disclosure includes particular examples, the true scope of the disclosure should not be so limited since other modifications will become apparent upon a study of the drawings, the specification, and the following claims. It should be understood that one or more steps within a method may be executed in different order (or concurrently) without altering the principles of the present disclosure. Further, although each of the embodiments is described above as having certain features, any one or more of those features described with respect to any embodiment of the disclosure can be implemented in and/or combined with features of any of the other embodiments, even if that combination is not explicitly described. In other words, the described embodiments are not mutually exclusive, and permutations of one or more embodiments with one another remain within the scope of this disclosure.

Spatial and functional relationships between elements (for example, between modules, circuit elements, semiconductor layers, etc.) are described using various terms, including “connected,” “engaged,” “coupled,” “adjacent,” “next to,” “on top of,” “above,” “below,” and “disposed.” Unless explicitly described as being “direct,” when a relationship between first and second elements is described in the above disclosure, that relationship can be a direct relationship where no other intervening elements are present between the first and second elements, but can also be an indirect relationship where one or more intervening elements are present (either spatially or functionally) between the first and second elements. As used herein, the phrase at least one of A, B, and C should be construed to mean a logical (A OR B OR C), using a non-exclusive logical OR, and should not be construed to mean “at least one of A, at least one of B, and at least one of C.”

In this application, including the definitions below, the term “module” or the term “controller” may be replaced with the term “circuit.” The term “module” may refer to, be part of, or include: an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC); a digital, analog, or mixed analog/digital discrete circuit; a digital, analog, or mixed analog/digital integrated circuit; a combinational logic circuit; a field programmable gate array (FPGA); a processor circuit (shared, dedicated, or group) that executes code; a memory circuit (shared, dedicated, or group) that stores code executed by the processor circuit; other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality; or a combination of some or all of the above, such as in a system-on-chip.

The module may include one or more interface circuits. In some examples, the interface circuits may include wired or wireless interfaces that are connected to a local area network (LAN), the Internet, a wide area network (WAN), or combinations thereof. The functionality of any given module of the present disclosure may be distributed among multiple modules that are connected via interface circuits. For example, multiple modules may allow load balancing. In a further example, a server (also known as remote, or cloud) module may accomplish some functionality on behalf of a client module.

The term code, as used above, may include software, firmware, and/or microcode, and may refer to programs, routines, functions, classes, data structures, and/or objects. The term shared processor circuit encompasses a single processor circuit that executes some or all code from multiple modules. The term group processor circuit encompasses a processor circuit that, in combination with additional processor circuits, executes some or all code from one or more modules. References to multiple processor circuits encompass multiple processor circuits on discrete dies, multiple processor circuits on a single die, multiple cores of a single processor circuit, multiple threads of a single processor circuit, or a combination of the above. The term shared memory circuit encompasses a single memory circuit that stores some or all code from multiple modules. The term group memory circuit encompasses a memory circuit that, in combination with additional memories, stores some or all code from one or more modules.

The term memory circuit is a subset of the term computer-readable medium. The term computer-readable medium, as used herein, does not encompass transitory electrical or electromagnetic signals propagating through a medium (such as on a carrier wave); the term computer-readable medium may therefore be considered tangible and non-transitory. Non-limiting examples of a non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium are nonvolatile memory circuits (such as a flash memory circuit, an erasable programmable read-only memory circuit, or a mask read-only memory circuit), volatile memory circuits (such as a static random access memory circuit or a dynamic random access memory circuit), magnetic storage media (such as an analog or digital magnetic tape or a hard disk drive), and optical storage media (such as a CD, a DVD, or a Blu-ray Disc).

The apparatuses and methods described in this application may be partially or fully implemented by a special purpose computer created by configuring a general purpose computer to execute one or more particular functions embodied in computer programs. The functional blocks, flowchart components, and other elements described above serve as software specifications, which can be translated into the computer programs by the routine work of a skilled technician or programmer.

The computer programs include processor-executable instructions that are stored on at least one non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium. The computer programs may also include or rely on stored data. The computer programs may encompass a basic input/output system (BIOS) that interacts with hardware of the special purpose computer, device drivers that interact with particular devices of the special purpose computer, one or more operating systems, user applications, background services, background applications, etc.

The computer programs may include: (i) descriptive text to be parsed, such as HTML (hypertext markup language) or XML (extensible markup language), (ii) assembly code, (iii) object code generated from source code by a compiler, (iv) source code for execution by an interpreter, (v) source code for compilation and execution by a just-in-time compiler, etc. As examples only, source code may be written using syntax from languages including C, C++, C#, Objective C, Haskell, Go, SQL, R, Lisp, Java®, Fortran, Perl, Pascal, Curl, OCaml, Javascript®, HTML5, Ada, ASP (active server pages), PHP, Scala, Eiffel, Smalltalk, Erlang, Ruby, Flash®, Visual Basic®, Lua, and Python®.

None of the elements recited in the claims are intended to be a means-plus-function element within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 112(f) unless an element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for,” or in the case of a method claim using the phrases “operation for” or “step for.” 

What is claimed is:
 1. A fuel vapor control system for a vehicle, comprising: a fuel vapor canister that traps fuel vapor from a fuel tank of the vehicle; a purge valve that opens to allow fuel vapor flow to an intake system of an engine and that closes to prevent fuel vapor flow to the intake system of the engine; an electrical pump that pumps fuel vapor from the fuel vapor canister to the purge valve; a vent valve that allows fresh air flow to the fuel vapor canister when the vent valve is open and that prevents fresh air flow to the fuel vapor canister when the vent valve is closed; and a purge control module that controls a speed of the electrical pump, opening of the purge valve, and opening of the vent valve; a pressure sensor that measures a pressure within a conduit at a location between the electrical pump and the purge valve, wherein the purge control module comprises: a closed-loop (CL) module that determines a CL adjustment value based on a difference between (i) a first target pressure at the location between the electrical pump and the purge valve and (ii) the pressure measured using the pressure sensor at the location between the electrical pump and the purge valve; a summer module that determines a second target based on a sum of the CL adjustment value and a target feed forward (FF) value; a purge valve control module that controls the opening of the purge valve based on the second target; and a motor control module that controls the speed of the electrical pump based on the second target.
 2. The fuel vapor control system of claim 1 wherein the purge control module: determines a target opening of the purge valve based on a target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve; controls the opening of the purge valve based on the target opening; determines a target speed of the electrical pump based on the target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve; and controls the speed of the electrical pump based on the target speed.
 3. The fuel vapor control system of claim 2 wherein the purge control module determines the target opening of the purge valve based on the target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve and the target speed of the electrical pump.
 4. The fuel vapor control system of claim 2 wherein the purge control module opens the vent valve when at least one of: (i) the target opening of the purge valve is greater than zero and (ii) the target speed of the electrical pump is greater than zero.
 5. The fuel vapor control system of claim 2 wherein the purge control module determines the target opening of the purge valve and the target speed of the electrical pump using one mapping that relates target flow rates of fuel vapor through the purge valve to both target openings of the purge valve and target speeds of the electrical pump.
 6. The fuel vapor control system of claim 1 wherein the purge control module further comprises: a target purge pressure module that, based on a target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve, determines the first target pressure at the location between the electrical pump and the purge valve; and a feed-forward (FF) module that determines the target FF value based on the target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve.
 7. The fuel vapor control system of claim 1 wherein the purge control module further comprises a target determination module that, based on the second target, determines a target opening of the purge valve and a target speed of the electrical pump, wherein the purge valve control module controls the opening of the purge valve based on the target opening; and wherein the motor control module controls the speed of the electrical pump based on the target speed.
 8. The fuel vapor control system of claim 1 wherein the purge control module further comprises a target determination module that determines a target opening of the purge valve and a target speed of the electrical pump using one mapping that relates values of the second target to both target openings of the purge valve and target speeds of the electrical pump, wherein the purge valve control module controls the opening of the purge valve based on the target opening; and wherein the motor control module controls the speed of the electrical pump based on the target speed.
 9. A fuel vapor control method for a vehicle, comprising: by a fuel vapor canister, trapping fuel vapor from a fuel tank of the vehicle; selectively opening a purge valve to allow fuel vapor flow to an intake system of an engine; selectively closing the purge valve to prevent fuel vapor flow to the intake system of the engine; pumping fuel vapor from the fuel vapor canister to the purge valve using an electrical pump; selectively opening a vent valve to allow fresh air flow to the fuel vapor canister; selectively closing the vent valve to prevent fresh air flow to the fuel vapor canister; measuring, using a pressure sensor, a pressure within a conduit at a location between the electrical pump and the purge valve; determining a closed-loop (CL) adjustment value based on a difference between (i) a first target pressure at the location between the electrical pump and the purge valve and (ii) the pressure measured using the pressure sensor at the location between the electrical pump and the purge valve; determining a second target based on a sum of the CL adjustment value and a target feed forward (FF) value; controlling opening of the purge valve based on the second target; controlling a speed of the electrical pump based on the second target; and controlling opening of the vent valve.
 10. The fuel vapor control method of claim 9 further comprising: determining a target opening of the purge valve based on a target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve; controlling the opening of the purge valve based on the target opening; determining a target speed of the electrical pump based on the target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve; and controlling the speed of the electrical pump based on the target speed.
 11. The fuel vapor control method of claim 10 further comprising determining the target opening of the purge valve further based on the target speed of the electrical pump.
 12. The fuel vapor control method of claim 10 wherein selectively opening the vent valve includes opening the vent valve when at least one of: (i) the target opening of the purge valve is greater than zero and (ii) the target speed of the electrical pump is greater than zero.
 13. The fuel vapor control method of claim 10 further comprising determining the target opening of the purge valve and the target speed of the electrical pump using one mapping that relates target flow rates of fuel vapor through the purge valve to both target openings of the purge valve and target speeds of the electrical pump.
 14. The fuel vapor control method of claim 9 further comprising: determining, based on a target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve, the first target pressure at the location between the electrical pump and the purge valve; and determining the target FF value based on the target flow rate of fuel vapor through the purge valve.
 15. The fuel vapor control method of claim 9 further comprising: determining, based on the second target, a target opening of the purge valve and a target speed of the electrical pump; controlling the opening of the purge valve based on the target opening; and controlling the speed of the electrical pump based on the target speed.
 16. The fuel vapor control method of claim 9 further comprising: determining a target opening of the purge valve and a target speed of the electrical pump using one mapping that relates values of the second target to both target openings of the purge valve and target speeds of the electrical pump; controlling the opening of the purge valve based on the target opening; and controlling the speed of the electrical pump based on the target speed. 